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How Bird Collecting Evolved into Bird Watching | Smithsonian
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]
How Bird Collecting Evolved into Bird Watching
The Smithsonian Magazine | Tim Birkhead | 8 Aug 2022 | 5 min read
In the early 1900s, newfound empathy for avian creatures helped wildlife observation displace dispassionate killing.

From the article:
As the interest in watching birds rather than shooting them increased, a view espoused by ornithologist Max Nicholson came to dominate the field. Nicholson believed that bird-watching should be “useful,” and he wanted bird-watchers to direct their energies toward an even greater understanding of birds’ behaviors, especially in terms of their numbers—and so started the practice of monitoring bird populations.
In the 1800s and early 1900s, only the wealthy could afford a serious interest in birds. Even in the 1950s, bird-watching continued to be dominated by those “that held sway in most departments of cultural life” in Britain—that is, mainly upper-class white males, as Mark Cocker writes in Birders: Tales of a Tribe. But by the 1970s and ’80s, as interest in birds continued to expand, most birders “came from the same broad social background—the working and middle classes.”
Worldwide, tens of millions of people have an interest in birds. Because there’s no precise definition of what a birder is, there’s no precise figure. It is telling, however, that the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in the United Kingdom has more members than all U.K. political parties combined.
An Introduction to Digiscoping | MassAudubon
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]
This is short so I just copied the whole thing. Link to original.
As nearly everyone has a visiphone in their pocket these days, give it a shot.
An Introduction to Digiscoping

Digiscoping is a great and popular way to capture a fleeting nature moment without a fancy camera or a lens the size of your arm! It’s a technique widely used by birders to capture a rare bird before it flies away.
3 Tips to Help You Catch that Bird
With a little practice, you can achieve some awesome photos—all you need is a smartphone camera and binoculars (or a spotting scope).
Find the Moon
With your camera function turned on, use the screen of your smart phone to find the eyepiece of the optic. From further away you will see a bright spot in the eyepiece which will look almost like the moon. When you find this “moon,” slowly move your phone closer to the optic until the image becomes clear and fills your screen.

Zoom Out
Be sure to have your phone’s camera zoomed-out all the way to 1x zoom. If you’re using a spotting scope, keep the spotting scope on the lowest power before focusing and then attempting to digiscope. Once the image is stable and clear, you can zoom-in with your phone’s camera. Zooming in with the spotting scope can also give you better magnification, but it’s much more difficult to steady.
Keep Still
The most difficult part about digiscoping is keeping your hands and the optics as still as possible. If using binoculars, find a tree or something to steady yourself upon. A spotting scope is perfect for this because it is already on a tripod. You can also make digiscoping a lot easy with a mounted attachment that holds your phone to the optic. This reduces the need to hold your phone, which makes digiscoping a lot easier!
Practice, Practice, Practice
Give digiscoping a try. Then try it again, and again, and again. Getting it right takes a lot of practice—particularly with binoculars—but it can be a lot of fun to see your improvement!
Once you get the hang of it, you can document those great nature moments that happen in just the blink of an eye. Plus, digiscoping can be extra helpful when you don’t know what a plant or animal is and would like to ask someone for help.
Mosquitoes in L.A. County | LAist
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]
As mosquitoes are flying insects, and many birds (not enough!) catch and eat flying insects, I figure it’s valid to post this here. Plus hot news on fun viruses like West Nile, Dengue, Zika, Yellow fever and Chikungunya which your 2nd-favorite flying friends are bringing with them, to you. Keep an eye on your ankles. Encourage flycatchers to live near your house. Black Phoebes love to nest under your eaves or on your porch light.

(Coutesy of Don Loarie / Creative commons via Flickr)
More Mojitos, Less Mosquitoes: How To Rid Your Home Of The Pesky Biters
LAist | Caitlin Hernández | 12 Aug 12 2022 | 5 min read
From the article:
In Southern California, mosquitoes have it made. Our continuous warmer temperatures have practically created a year-round mosquito season, which gives them more of an opportunity to grow, lay eggs, and spread diseases like West Nile virus. But as we hit the peak of summer weather, mosquito activity is rising.

Birds & Dinosaurs – Joined at the Hip | Yale News
[Posted by Chuck Almdale, suggested by Edna Alvarez]
More evidence that those friendly feathered animals living around, above, even below us, are the direct descendants of those toothy cold-blooded killers who used to rule the world (not counting bacteria).

Birds & Dinosaurs — Joined at the Hip
Yale News | Jim Shelton | July 27, 2022 | 5 minute read
From the article:
All baby birds have a moment prior to hatching when their hip bone is a tiny replica of a dinosaur’s pelvis. That’s one of the findings in a new, Yale-led study in the journal Nature that explores the evolutionary underpinnings of the avian hip bone. It is also a modern-day nod to the dramatic transformation that led from dinosaurs to birds over tens of millions of years.
Link to list of publications by co-author and lab director Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
Sample title: The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization. Science 372(6542): 601-609. Hanson M*, Hoffman EA, Norell MA, Bhullar B-AS. (2021).
Link to the paper: The developing bird pelvis passes through ancestral dinosaurian conditions
Abstract:
Living birds (Aves) have bodies substantially modified from the ancestral reptilian condition. The avian pelvis in particular experienced major changes during the transition from early archosaurs to living birds. This stepwise transformation is well documented by an excellent fossil record; however, the ontogenetic alterations that underly it are less well understood. We used embryological imaging techniques to examine the morphogenesis of avian pelvic tissues in three dimensions, allowing direct comparison with the fossil record. Many ancestral dinosaurian features (for example, a forward-facing pubis, short ilium and pubic ‘boot’) are transiently present in the early morphogenesis of birds and arrive at their typical ‘avian’ form after transitioning through a prenatal developmental sequence that mirrors the phylogenetic sequence of character acquisition. We demonstrate quantitatively that avian pelvic ontogeny parallels the non-avian dinosaur-to-bird transition and provide evidence for phenotypic covariance within the pelvis that is conserved across Archosauria. The presence of ancestral states in avian embryos may stem from this conserved covariant relationship. In sum, our data provide evidence that the avian pelvis, whose early development has been little studied, evolved through terminal addition—a mechanism whereby new apomorphic states are added to the end of a developmental sequence, resulting in expression of ancestral character states earlier in that sequence. The phenotypic integration we detected suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism for terminal addition and hints that retention of ancestral states in development is common during evolutionary transitions.
Three more articles on this paper: Xeniasday, Wiley Analytical Science, Hartford Courant.

























