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Remembering Don White
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]
It was with surprise and sadness that we learned of birder Don White’s death.

I’m not certain that he was ever a member of Santa Monica Bay Audubon Society. He came to many of our evening meetings, sat in the back where his stature wouldn’t block anyone’s view, made wry comments and cracked jokes, smiling all the while. I was always amazed that he rode his bicycle over from Culver City, a risky venture in Los Angeles, especially in the dark.
He first joined us on field trips about a decade ago – it was one of our long December drives to Carrizo Plain. He arrived early in the north San Fernando Valley for our 7:15am departure, an astonishing feat considering the 20-mile bicycle ride from Culver City over the Santa Monica Mtns. through the Sepulveda pass. There were people driving cars who couldn’t get there on time. He rode with us throughout the 12-hour drive & bird trip and was a pleasure to be with. His bird-locating and identifying skills were excellent. Back home, well after dark, off he went on his bike back to Culver City, 20 miles to the south.
He was a welcome rider with us on numerous other long SMBAS birding trips over the years.
I’d occasionally hear from him. In August 2015, replying to a “bird quiz” I wrote in which all the mystery photos were of Great-tailed Grackle, he commented:
Lovely and elegant creatures! No wonder we’re all so addicted to birding.
I’d say both are immature Great-tailed Grackles. 2 different birds. The upper may be an adult female though if not a juvenile. The lower looks more certainly to be a juvenile.
If I guess right, I bequeath all the fame and fortune to you.
Thanks, Don White
Don thanked me for a glancing blog-reference I made to a member of the ornithological staff at Miskatonic University of eastern Massachusetts, an institution to which I supposed he may have some attachment. “I knew there was some reason I liked you,” he wrote.
To help celebrate the annual Bird LA Day in April, Don led the birdwalk in Griffith Park’s Fern Dell over a period of years.
In February, 2020, sparked by my blog on the origin of the name “Osprey,” he added:

Thanks for the post.
To add to your Osprey lore – where I hail from in SE Mass/RI is near the shores of Buzzards Bay. Most people assume the name has something to do with vultures. There are both Black and Turkey Vultures there, though neither in great numbers. But actually it’s because the English settlers in colonial times referred to the Ospreys, which were very common along the bay shores in the good old days, as buzzards.
So there’s your 25-cents story.
All the best,
Don White
I’d been around Buzzards Bay many times and was happy to learn this.
Covid-19 hit. Field trips and evening meetings snapped shut. Things were just beginning to reopen when we read on LACoBirds, this June 27 posting by Alex Coffey:
It is with heavy but full hearts that we share with the birding community the shocking and unexpected passing of Los Angeles birder Don White. Don was a beacon of joy and levity in our small pocket of LA. Always first to the front of the boat on pelagics, and first to respond with a wry quip and an eternal grin, he was unmistakable in a crowd due to both his jokes and his height. Though most had to look up at Don, he never looked down on anyone. Unpretentious, kind and genuine, his well-meaning nature was compounded by his unflappable BS detector and ability to never take himself too seriously. Don was a regular on many local field trips with LA and Pasadena Audubon Societies in his local stomping grounds along Ballona Creek, Kenneth Hahn SRA and beyond. He was not shy. You probably met and knew him, and likely shared a laugh.
An expert hiker/backpacker, last weekend Don was the victim of a tragic, heat-related accident in record temperature highs at Anza Borrego, helping prepare for the annual bighorn sheep count. Ever a committed citizen scientist and nature lover, Don participated in countless hawkwatches, nature surveys at Tejon Ranch and Bear Divide, as well as years of regional Christmas Bird Count efforts, with notable, perennial contributions to a staggering number of count circles: Los Angeles, Palos Verdes, Lancaster, Malibu, Santa Clarita, Grass Mountain, Tejon Ranch, Tehachapi, Bear Valley Springs, San Jacinto and surely others.
Loving husband and father, Don was an avid cyclist, reliably seen wandering the Greater LA area with bike companion and lifelong friend Doug Chamorro. He was a ravenous reader who spontaneously spouted Emily Dickinson poems. He loved food, coffee, and about 50% of Trader Joe’s snack offerings. He could always tell you where to find the best Ecuadorian breakfast, or the only place to get Ethiopian coffee at 2am. The world is quite a bit dimmer this week with his light now gone. He was a gifted storyteller with many yarns spun and adventures endured. One regret we have is that we didn’t get to hear them all. Ann Brooks and Bhaskar Krishnamachari are planning an online tribute forum to which Don’s family and all of us would have access – an opportunity for birders and friends to collect memories of Don and share all the stories we missed. We will follow-up in the near future with those details.
Don was outlandishly good company, truly one of a kind. Never being one for ceremony or service himself, if you wish to make a contribution in honor of Don, here are some organizations he supported: Friends of California Condors, Tejon Ranch Conservancy, LA Audubon, Pasadena Audubon, LABirders.org. Many birders loved him as a dear friend, present company included.
So long, Don (Ovibose), and thanks for all the birds.
Love,
All Your Friends
A memorial page created by Ann Brooks, Bhaskar Krishnamachari and Alex Coffey is now up and running at https://www.forevermissed.com/don-white/about
Additional memories and photos are welcome.

Don White died on June 16, 2021, while caching water for the upcoming Bighorn Sheep count, in which he had taken part for many years. He and a companion had hiked several miles up a boulder-strewn route in Borrego Palm Canyon, located in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. The temperature was 116°.
The following is a partial, sequentially-dated list of articles and reports about Don and the circumstances surrounding his death. There are additional reports which either repeat word-for-word prior reports, or add no new information.
1 Hiker Dead, Another Critical from Heat on Palm Canyon Trail in Borrego Springs
Times of San Diego | 6/20/21
Donald White of Culver City ID’d As Man Overcome in Excessive Heat at Anza-Borrego Park
Times of San Diego | 6/24/21
Man who died counting bighorn sheep in Borrego heat ID’d
SD Union-Tribune | 6/24/21
Annual California Bighorn Sheep Count Canceled Canceled after Death
NBC-LA 7/4/21:
Volunteer, an experienced hiker, dies in heat at bighorn sheep count in Anza-Borrego
Los Angeles Times 7/4/21
June Gloom at Malibu Lagoon, 20 June 2021
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]

Twasn’t brillig. No toves, slithy or otherwise. (Lillian Johnson 6-20-21)
The lagoon outlet remains closed and the lagoon water level is the same level as in May—7.0 ft on the tidal sidewalk. Even more algae floats on the surface. It was thick enough for ducklings to walk upon easily. Adults had a tougher time and looked like people struggling through thick snow.

(L. Johnson 6-20-21)
June gloom has fallen upon us, thick in the morning, barely beginning to burn off by 11 am. After the scorching days of early June, temperatures of 63°-69° are very welcome. Tide was falling from the +4.89 ft. high at 6:27 am. Rocks began to show, but no shorebirds, gulls or terns wished to use them. Twenty-six shorebirds snoozed at the edge of the lagoon: 13 Black-bellied Plovers, 4 Killdeer, 9 Whimbrel. Later two Ruddy Turnstones came from the west and landed on the large offshore rocks. They are probably returning migrants as their plumage looked less than perfect, but they were difficult to see in the foggy gray gloom.


Ducks: Gadwall possibly eclipse male (L) and Mallard female (R.)
(both photos Adrian Douglas 6-20-21)
Mallard and Gadwall females and eclipse males can be hard to differentiate. Useful characteristics: Gadwall has steeper forehead profile, white patch in secondaries may show, bill slightly shorter. Mallard has sloping forehead, shows mostly white in tail, may show purple speculum in wing secondaries.

About two-thirds of the 116 ducks were ducklings ranging in size from fluffy puffball to large juvenile.

Adamson House, lagoon & algae from viewpoint near PCH bridge.
(L. Johnson 6-20-21)
Most of the Canada Geese swam to the southwestern sand island, rested around the “Osprey pole” and worked on their plumage.

Canada Geese, adults and juveniles (R. Juncosa 6-20-21)

An ultra-rare blue-winged Canada Goose? Plastic? Tag? Spy camera? (A. Douglas 6-20-21)
We spotted one goose with a baby-blue patch in the left wing. A piece of plastic? Some sort of tag? He kept turning around, and around, sorting through his feathers, and as the patch was only on the left side, it took a while to get a good look at it and work out what it was.

Blue-winged Canada Goose? (A. Douglas 6-21-20)
It’s the feather rachis growing out! I count six. That they would grow out without any sign of vanes or barbs I did not know, nor did I know they were baby blue.

There was a total of 348 birds in 34 species. June nearly always has the lowest counts of the year, followed by May and July, but that seemed pretty low, even for June. So I checked.
Average June birds for prior 10-year period: 510, ranging 863-258.
Average June species for prior 10-year period: 40, ranging 48-33.
Lowest all-time bird count any month: 5/25/80 – 113 birds & 12 species, including 104 gulls.
Lowest all-time species count any month: 6/20/81 – 8 species and 177 birds, including 80 gulls and 60 ducks.

Brown Pelicans, Double-crested Cormorants and a few others on a sand island.
(R. Juncosa 6-20-21)
There were a moderate number of swallows cruising the lagoon and beach – mostly Barn Swallows but a few Cliff Swallows as well.

We had three very worn gulls, their scapulars and coverts reduced to little more than bare rachises (there’s that word again). The bird pictured above had crown feathers so worn down that you could see the dark skin underneath. We determined that they were Ring-billed Gulls.

Great-tailed Grackles were making themselves well-known, with sky-pointing displays and frequent loud gurgles, bugles, burbles and boinks. This may be late nesting or re-nesting. June is not too early for re-nesting, as the Eurasian Collared-Dove pair in our back yard finished their first nesting in early May and began again in late May.


Great-tailed Grackles, male & female (both photos (R. Juncosa 6-20-21)
Birds new for the season: Mourning Dove, Ruddy Turnstone.
Many thanks to photographers: Adrian Douglas, Lillian Johnson & Ray Juncosa
The next SMBAS scheduled field trips: Maybe in September. We’ll see.
The next SMBAS program: The Floating Roost Trial: a novel solution to losses in migratory shorebird habitat, with Chris Purnell of Birdlife Australia. Zoom Evening Meeting, Tuesday, 6 July, 7:30 p.m.
The SMBAS 10 a.m. Parent’s & Kids Birdwalk remains canceled until further notice due to the near-impossibility of maintained proper masked social distancing with parents and small children.

(R. Juncosa 6-20-21)
Links: Unusual birds at Malibu Lagoon
9/23/02 Aerial photo of Malibu Lagoon
Prior checklists:
2020: Jan-July, July-Dec 2019: Jan-June, July-Dec
2018: Jan-June, July-Dec 2017: Jan-June, July-Dec
2016: Jan-June, July-Dec 2015: Jan-May, July-Dec
2014: Jan-July, July-Dec 2013: Jan-June, July-Dec
2012: Jan-June, July -Dec 2011: Jan-June, July-Dec
2010: Jan-June, July-Dec 2009: Jan-June, July-Dec.
The 10-year comparison summaries created during the Lagoon Reconfiguration Project period, despite numerous complaints, remain available on our Lagoon Project Bird Census Page. Very briefly summarized, the results unexpectedly indicate that avian species diversification and numbers improved slightly during the restoration period June’12-June’14.
Many thanks to Adrian Douglas, Lillian Johnson & Ray Juncosa and others for their contributions to this month’s checklist.
[Chuck Almdale]
| Malibu Census 2021 | 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/25 | 5/22 | 6/20 |
| Temperature | 60-61 | 65-74 | 60-61 | 58-63 | 59-68 | 63-69 |
| Tide Lo/Hi Height | L+0.86 | L-0.13 | L+0.86 | H+4.83 | L+1.57 | H+4.89 |
| Tide Time | 1223 | 1314 | 1223 | 0843 | 0736 | 0627 |
| (Black) Brant | 1 | |||||
| Canada Goose | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 10 |
| Cinnamon Teal | 4 | 7 | ||||
| Northern Shoveler | 8 | |||||
| Gadwall | 8 | 12 | 16 | 25 | 18 | 65 |
| American Wigeon | 8 | 12 | 8 | |||
| Mallard | 8 | 10 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| Northern Pintail | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Green-winged Teal | 6 | 11 | 25 | |||
| Surf Scoter | 15 | 2 | ||||
| Bufflehead | 6 | 4 | ||||
| Red-breasted Merganser | 1 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 1 | |
| Ruddy Duck | 6 | 25 | ||||
| Pied-billed Grebe | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
| Eared Grebe | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Western Grebe | 4 | 11 | 4 | |||
| Feral Pigeon | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 9 |
| Mourning Dove | 1 | 6 | 2 | |||
| Anna’s Hummingbird | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Allen’s Hummingbird | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
| American Coot | 110 | 210 | 235 | 75 | 6 | 9 |
| Black Oystercatcher | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Black-bellied Plover | 25 | 25 | 31 | 22 | 5 | 13 |
| Snowy Plover | 21 | 27 | 23 | |||
| Semipalmated Plover | 1 | 29 | ||||
| Killdeer | 20 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| Whimbrel | 8 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 19 | 9 |
| Marbled Godwit | 10 | 11 | 10 | |||
| Ruddy Turnstone | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||
| Sanderling | 8 | 50 | 160 | |||
| Dunlin | 1 | |||||
| Least Sandpiper | 6 | 4 | 8 | 1 | ||
| Western Sandpiper | 1 | 4 | 20 | |||
| Spotted Sandpiper | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Willet | 12 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 1 | |
| Heermann’s Gull | 16 | 2 | 42 | 28 | 280 | |
| Ring-billed Gull | 15 | 38 | 12 | 6 | ||
| Western Gull | 30 | 80 | 65 | 40 | 35 | 45 |
| California Gull | 50 | 235 | 130 | 35 | 10 | 4 |
| Herring Gull | 1 | |||||
| Glaucous-winged Gull | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Caspian Tern | 4 | 20 | 13 | 3 | ||
| Royal Tern | 5 | 6 | 24 | 6 | 2 | |
| Elegant Tern | 395 | 107 | 1 | |||
| Pacific Loon | 1 | |||||
| Brandt’s Cormorant | 5 | |||||
| Double-crested Cormorant | 85 | 52 | 25 | 12 | 26 | 26 |
| Pelagic Cormorant | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Brown Pelican | 162 | 12 | 27 | 105 | 235 | 27 |
| Great Blue Heron | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | ||
| Great Egret | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Snowy Egret | 10 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Green Heron | 1 | |||||
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | 1 | |||||
| Turkey Vulture | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Osprey | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Cooper’s Hawk | 1 | |||||
| Red-shouldered Hawk | 2 | |||||
| Belted Kingfisher | 1 | |||||
| Nuttall’s Woodpecker | 1 | |||||
| Peregrine Falcon | 1 | |||||
| Black Phoebe | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 6 | |
| Say’s Phoebe | 1 | |||||
| Western Kingbird | 1 | |||||
| California Scrub-Jay | 1 | 2 | ||||
| American Crow | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Common Raven | 1 | |||||
| Violet-green Swallow | 2 | |||||
| Rough-winged Swallow | 6 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Cliff Swallow | 8 | 4 | ||||
| Barn Swallow | 10 | 25 | 30 | 18 | ||
| Oak Titmouse | 2 | |||||
| Bushtit | 30 | 8 | 20 | 1 | 8 | 4 |
| Western Bluebird | 2 | |||||
| Northern Mockingbird | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | ||
| European Starling | 10 | 75 | 5 | 8 | ||
| House Finch | 4 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Lesser Goldfinch | 6 | 4 | 16 | 2 | ||
| Spotted Towhee | 1 | |||||
| California Towhee | 1 | 4 | 3 | |||
| Song Sparrow | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 4 |
| White-crowned Sparrow | 4 | 5 | 6 | 2 | ||
| Hooded Oriole | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Red-winged Blackbird | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Brown-headed Cowbird | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Great-tailed Grackle | 1 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 8 | |
| Common Yellowthroat | 1 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Yellow Warbler | 2 | |||||
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | 6 | 14 | 15 | 1 | ||
| Totals by Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
| Waterfowl | 53 | 115 | 100 | 55 | 46 | 116 |
| Water Birds – Other | 359 | 292 | 306 | 198 | 268 | 62 |
| Herons, Egrets & Ibis | 13 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
| Quail & Raptors | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Shorebirds | 114 | 141 | 264 | 80 | 31 | 28 |
| Gulls & Terns | 119 | 362 | 279 | 531 | 446 | 55 |
| Doves | 3 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 11 |
| Other Non-Passerines | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Passerines | 72 | 46 | 198 | 78 | 99 | 62 |
| Totals Birds | 738 | 980 | 1172 | 962 | 918 | 348 |
| Total Species | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
| Waterfowl | 9 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
| Water Birds – Other | 4 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Herons, Egrets & Ibis | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Quail & Raptors | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Shorebirds | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
| Gulls & Terns | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Doves | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Other Non-Passerines | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Passerines | 11 | 11 | 20 | 17 | 17 | 11 |
| Totals Species – 89 | 50 | 56 | 62 | 52 | 44 | 34 |
Summer Birding Festivals Virtual and In-Person
Pomona Valley Audubon Burrowing Owl Virtual Festival:
Burrowing Owls were once common throughout Southern California but are fast disappearing. The Pomona Valley Audubon Society is working to protect these little owls and their nesting grounds so they can thrive in our area for years to come. Join us in celebrating Burrowing Owls at the Virtual Festival that is free and open to all online. It is the place for curious minds of all ages to observe and learn about these unique and fascinating creatures, how to protect them, and how to get involved. The festival has videos, talks, and slideshows on Burrowing Owl biology, behavior, and conservation with a special emphasis on owls in the Pomona Valley of Southern California. There are owl stories, videos, and activities for kids, including coloring pages and a Burrowing Owl mask to download. Visitors can learn how to help protect the little owls, watch a live camera feed from the San Diego Zoo Burrowing Owl enclosure, see clips from recent, live festivals, and enjoy whimsical advice on love, life, and home decorating from Ms. Bea, foremost (and possibly only) Burrowing Owl advice columnist. Some content is available in Spanish as well. The festival store features t-shirts, pins, and decals. For more information go to: www.PVASBurrowingOwlFestival.com
Tucson Audubon has announced the in-person Southeast Arizona Birding Festival 2021.We just received this information and registration opened yesterday, so hurry on over to tucsonaudubon.org/festival for more details. Birdwatching trips, photography events and the inevitable trying-out-of-expensive-optics will all be featured.
NOTE: the links were incorrect but have been fixed. Apologies.
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]

Peafowl have been in SoCal over 140 years. If they’re in your area, you’ve heard their loud raucous calls. Sharon McNary interviews Kimball Garrett, Ornithology collections manager at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and Richard Schulhof, CEO of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden about one of our largest and noisiest avian neighbors.
Link to the program page. Then click the big blue arrow left of the program title.
Listening time: 17:34
From the KPCC Air Talk website:
Owning a peacock was once considered a status symbol, particularly around the turn of the twentieth century. Elias J, “Lucky” Baldwin, founder of Arcadia, imported several pairs of peafowl—known colloquially as peacocks—from India to his Santa Anita Ranchero in 1879. Since then, peafowl have roamed the streets of San Gabriel Valley and even Palos Verdes, which has resumed its bird trapping.
Most recently, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors drafted an ordinance last Tuesday prohibiting the intentional feeding of the bird.
After the show was recorded, Kimball Garrett posted this note on LACoBirds:
Air Talk just aired. Richard Schulhof (CEO of the Arboretum in Arcadia) and I were, I suppose, the “experts.”
I didn’t get a chance to get in my planned pearls of wisdom, e.g.:
(1) peafowl actually fly well (and roost in trees, rooftops); many folks assume they can’t fly
(2) peacock tails are actually rather unspectacular (uniform brownish and not especially long); many people think the train is the tail, when it is actually the upper tail coverts. But LACoBirds folks knew this.
(3) the Pleistocene turkey fossils from Rancho La Brea were actually first described as having belonged to a peafowl (genus Pavo).
Oh well….
KLG
Kimball L. Garrett
Ornithology Collections Manager
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Rosa: The Story of the Rose | Book Suggestion
[Posted by Chuck Almdale]
Everyone likes roses, despite their thorns. They’re beautiful, there are countless varieties resulting from cross-breeding by humans, they yield valuable oil important in many economies, and they have a wonderful aroma.
Well…they used to smell wonderful until human tinkering managed to eliminate any detectable aroma in many modern varieties. That dis-improvement rivals the creation of the flavorless super* tomato developed to benefit packing and shipping.
[*Super because when dropped it rebounds to 90% of its original height.]
But the rose has a long and glorious history. Anyone who loves them, uses their oil, inhales their aroma, grows them or who only “stops and smells the roses on the way” will enjoy this book.

Rosa: The Story of the Rose
Peter Kukielski with Charles Phillips | Quarto Publishing (Yale University Press | 2021 | 256 pages | 143 color illustrations | $30, as low as $18 elsewhere
From the publisher:
A beautifully illustrated and unique history of the rose—the “queen of flowers”—in art, medicine, cuisine, and more
“The social, cultural and horticultural history of the rose is entertainingly and thoughtfully displayed.”—Garden News
“I would recommend Rosa as a gift for anyone who loves flowers, although once purchased you would find it hard to pass on!”—Judith Blacklock, Flora Magazine
Few flowers have quite the same allure or as significant a place in history as the rose. A symbol of love, power, royalty, beauty, and joy, the rose has played many roles, both literal and symbolic, in poetry, art, literature, music, fashion, medicine, perfume, decoration, cuisine, and more.
In this beautifully illustrated guide, award-winning horticulturist Peter E. Kukielski and his coauthor, Charles Phillips, tell the fascinating and many-layered history of this “queen of flowers.” The book explores many stories from the long association of roses with human societies, from their first cultivation—likely in China some five thousand years ago—to their modern genetic cultivars. It shows how roses have been prominent across time and many cultures, including ancient Greece and Rome, Christianity, Islam, and Sufism.
The book, with more than 140 color illustrations, offers a unique look at the essential contributions that roses have made throughout human history.
Peter E. Kukielski is an acclaimed horticulturalist who was curator of the award-winning Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden at the New York Botanical Garden from 2006 to 2014. He lives in Portland, ME. Charles Phillips is a writer and editor with more than 30 years’ experience. He lives in London, England.
A few highlights from Kulielski’s article in Natural History, May 2021
- Roses are thought to have first appeared in central Asia.
- Rose fossils found in South Park, Colorado dating back 35 million years, resembling most closely Rosa nutkana and R. palustris.
- First mentioned in history about 3000 BCE; Confucius wrote of them ~500 BCE
- Widely cultivated in China ~210 CE
- Faristan, Iran claims to be birthplace of cultivated roses
- Faristan exported rose water all over the world, including 30,000 bottles annually to the caliph of Bagdad
- For over 5,000 years China & Persia were only places where naturally fragrant rose varieties grew.
- Single-layered Iranian rose growing in Qasmar has such exquisite perfume that it is grown solely for its oil
- Mesopotamian tablets & jugs reveal perfume extraction ~3500 BCE
- Indian god Vishnu’s wife Lakshmi created by god Brahma from 108 large and 1008 small rose petals.
- In Gujarat India ~1300 CE a Persian traveler noted “the people were very wealthy and happy and grew no less than 70 kinds of roses.”
- Egyptian wall paintings ~2500 BCE show roses associated with goddess Isis
- Romans used roses in: food, cosmetics, ointments, oils, medicines, cushions, paintings, scented water, wearable wreaths, smothering guests in roses, and burials.
- President Reagan in Nov. 1986 designated the rose the U.S. national floral emblem.
An appreciation of the book by website CommonWeeder.


