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Twelve-wired Bird-of-Paradise: What Are the Wires For? | Cornell / National Geographic

March 28, 2018

This video captures the progression of courtship. It begins with a male doing a practice display on his own. When a female appears, he puts his technique into action, climbing his display pole and brushing her with his wiry display feathers. The female continues to show interest but eventually leaves—an example of the extreme degree of selectivity females use in choosing their mates.

There are currently seventy-two short films in the entire Birds-of-Paradise Project playlist, ranging from 26 seconds to 8:29. In the upcoming weeks, we will present some of our favorites.

A film from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. If no film or link appears in this email, go to the blog to view it by clicking on the blog title above. If the film stops & starts in an annoying manner, press pause (lower left double bars ||) to let it buffer and get ahead of you.  [Chuck Almdale]

Species Abound at Malibu Lagoon, 25 March, 2018

March 27, 2018

North Channel, looking west (Lillian Johnson 3-25-18)

For what will probably be the chilliest Malibu field trip this year, we had quite a crowd. About 40 birders showed up in the 55°F morning, with temperatures expected to sore to nearly 59° by noon.

Male Allen’s Hummingbird (both photos) – note lack of notches in relatively slender tail feathers; compare it to Rufous Humminbird in your field guide.
(Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

Variety was excellent; 74 species with a third of them those pesky passerines who skulk in the shadows. Except for gulls and shorebirds, the numbers replicated closely those of February. California Gull numbers dropped from 550 in Feb. to 20 in March. They must all have been off to sea chowing down small fish. Plovers and the larger shorebirds declined as well.

Osprey trying to get his left talon onto the fish while in flight (Randy Ehler 3-25-18)

The Osprey remains. As mentioned last month, it may have built a nest somewhere off to the west. Normally it sits in one of the lagoon side trees to eat his catch-of-the-day; this time he disappeared off to the west, still grappling with his fish.

Snowy Egret getting plumy (Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

The Snowy Plovers were all quietly roosting – for a change – within their newly-erected virtual fence. More often than not, they’re roosting outside the fence where people continually walk among them. No bands were seen, but among the birds was “Lil’ Gimpy,” first spotted on 3/12/18 by Grace Murayama and Larry Loeher. We don’t know exactly what is wrong with his right leg, beyond the fact that part of it is missing.

Snowy Plover “Lil’ Gimpy,” aka Tarfoot (Grace Murayama 3-12-18)

I don’t know how many of our SoCal Glaucous-winged Gulls (GLGU) are actually hybrid Glaucous-winged X Western Gull. I haven’t kept records on this (I didn’t even know about this hybridization until maybe five years ago), but I’d guess it’s 25-75%, to put a broad and nearly useless estimate on it. In general, if it’s obviously partially GWGU but has “dirty” primaries, I assume it’s a hybrid. Of course, GLxWE Gull hybrids can be 50% GLGU, or 25%, or 12.5%, or 6.25% and so on. Just like our Cro-magnon and Neanderthal human ancestors. We’re all hybrids too. No more dissing the Neanderthals, you of Eurasian descent. Neanderthals are you.

Glaucous-winged X Western Gull Hybrid with dark in the primaries, probably a 2nd-winter bird molting into 3rd-year plumage. Wing coverts appear extremely worn; their molting probably won’t begin for another month or two.
(Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

The group had a minor argument with three dog-walking women. “No dogs on the beach. State Park. Can’t you read the signs?” “What signs? We walk our dogs here all the time.” “You walked past one of the signs while you were saying, ‘What signs?’ The dog on the sign looks just like your dog.” “Thank you ever so much (snark, shark) for the information.” Malibu locals often believe that city-county-state-federal-planetary-universal laws don’t apply to them because…well…because they live here! Laws are meant for riff-raff outsiders! I suspect this attitude may be common among locals everywhere.

Savannah Sparrow (Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher looks buzzed about something (Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

A pair of Blue-Gray Gnatcatchers may be planning on taking up residence near the beach-end of the path. They were very very busy. Nearby, a pair of House Finches were on the roof skylight of the easternmost Malibu Colony house, gathering windblown grass stems snagged by the skylight edges. As the female slaved away; the male  entertained himself by sliding down the glass-pane slope.

 

As in March, 2017, there was a single Black Skimmer curled up in the exposed rocks. About 10 am he got up and flew back and forth across the lagoon. New birders are always impressed by the size of this bird’s bill. When they sleep on the sand, they stretch their hear way way out, seemingly dead.

A Whimbrel pries mussels from offshore rocks near the Colony (Randy Ehler 3-25-18)

Eurasian Collared-Doves have conquered America. It’s generally accepted that they were released (or escaped) in the Bahamas in the mid-1970’s. By 1982 they were in Florida and in California by 2001. We recorded three birds at the lagoon on 5/27/07, with seven additional single birds since them. Last August Lillian and I saw one in Wrangell Bay, southeastern Alaska. They certainly get around.

Lesser Goldfinches, female & male, getting ready to build a nest
(Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

Migration and courtship is definitely underway. Among its signs: Western Sandpipers, returning from Mexico, probing into the muddy lagoon-edge; Elegant Terns among the Royals; Black-crowned Night-Herons out in the open rather than hiding in trees; Western and Cassin’s Kingbirds shagging flies; Mockingbirds singing nonstop for hours; five species of swallows continually swooping to and fro; Bushtits and Blue-gray Gnatcatcher pairing up (not with each other); Lesser Goldfinches and the aforementioned House Finches gathering nesting material; several subspecies of Savannah Sparrows foraging on the ground; migrant Wilson’s Warbler busily gleaning in the brush.

Mockingbirds sang continuously for hours (Randy Ehler 3-25-18)

All too soon it will again be Summer. SoCal Summers have grown too long and too hot. I don’t look forward to them anymore. My sympathies are with the kids; they may never know anything but blistering summers.

Bushtit, coastal form with brown head (Randy Ehler 3-25-18)

Birds new for the season were: Northern Pintail, Western Grebe, Eurasian Collared-Dove, Western Sandpiper, Caspian and Elegant Terns, Black Skimmer, Black-crowned Night-Heron, Cassin’s and Western Kingbirds, Common Raven, Tree and Violet-green Swallows, Rough-winged Swallow, Cliff and Barn Swallows, Dark-eyed Junco and Wilson’s Warbler.

Rabbits a-bounding everywhere except for this drowsy one (Joyce Waterman 3-25-18)

Many thanks to our photographers: Randy Ehler, Lillian Johnson, Grace Murayama & Joyce Waterman.

Male House Finch
(J. Waterman 1-28-18)

Our next three scheduled field trips: Malibu Creek State Park, 8am, 14 April; Malibu Lagoon 8:30 & 10am, 22 April; Morongo Valley, 3 pm Sat. 5 May & 7:30 am Sun 6 May.

Our next program: How (and Why) Pine Siskins Choose Where They Migrate, with Dr. Ashley Robart – Evening Meeting: Tuesday, Apr. 3, 7:30 p.m., Chris Reed Park, 1133 7th St., NE corner of 7th and Wilshire Blvd. in Santa Monica.

NOTE: Our 10 a.m. Parent’s & Kids Birdwalk meets at the shaded viewpoint just south of the parking area. Watch for Willie the Weasel. He’ll be watching for you and your big floppy feet.

Links: Unusual birds at Malibu Lagoon
9/23/02 Aerial photo of Malibu Lagoon

Prior checklists:
2017: Jan-June, July-Dec
2016: Jan-June, July-Dec 2015: Jan-May, July-Dec
2014: Jan-July, July-Dec 2013: Jan-June, July-Dec
2012: Jan-June, July -Dec 2011: Jan-June, July-Dec
2010: Jan-June, July-Dec 2009: Jan-June, July-Dec.

The 10-year comparison summaries created during the project period, despite numerous complaints, remain available on our Lagoon Project Bird Census Page. Very briefly summarized, the results unexpectedly indicate that avian species diversification and numbers improved slightly during the period Jun’12-June’14.

Many thanks to Randy Ehler, Lillian Johnson, Chris Lord, and Lu Plauzoles for their contributions to the checklist below.  [Chuck Almdale]

Malibu Census 2017-18 10/22 11/26 12/24 1/28 2/25 3/25
Temperature 72-82 56-63 57-68 67-76 55-62 55-62
Tide Lo/Hi Height H+5.38 L+2.94 L+2.8 H+5.99 H+5.21 L-0.16
Tide Time 1050 0946 0654 0609 0459 1213
Canada Goose 1
Cinnamon Teal 1
Northern Shoveler 2
Gadwall 1 1 5 30 8 12
American Wigeon 1 3 15 36 4 8
Mallard 15 2 22 12 6 12
Northern Pintail 1 3 1
Green-winged Teal 6 1 6
Surf Scoter 2 2
Bufflehead 1 6 8 1
Red-breasted Merganser 4 8 3 4 6
Ruddy Duck 4 2 13 9 4
Pied-billed Grebe 5 8 5 1 2 1
Eared Grebe 1 2
Western Grebe 9 15 5 25
Clark’s Grebe 2 2 1
Rock Pigeon 6 10 6 8 8 10
Eurasian Collared-Dove 1
Mourning Dove 2 2 2 2 4
Anna’s Hummingbird 1 1 1 1
Allen’s Hummingbird 2 1 3 5 1 2
Sora 1
American Coot 140 60 72 125 85 75
Black-bellied Plover 135 115 28 22 25 10
Snowy Plover 25 31 35 19 34 12
Killdeer 10 4 3 4 10 12
Whimbrel 45 36 10 8 13 9
Marbled Godwit 80 135 57 18 30 7
Ruddy Turnstone 6 11 12 1 6 1
Sanderling 10 13 11 30 20 20
Least Sandpiper 3 10 6 1 3 1
Western Sandpiper 1 10
Willet 120 85 11 9 14 6
Bonaparte’s Gull 1
Heermann’s Gull 64 5 4 5 3
Mew Gull 1 1
Ring-billed Gull 4 25 42 35 70 10
Western Gull 145 105 97 95 92 120
California Gull 98 385 560 1550 550 20
Herring Gull 1 2
Glaucous-winged Gull 2 5 3
Caspian Tern 2
Royal Tern 47 4 21 12 15 17
Elegant Tern 4 3
Black Skimmer 1
Pacific Loon 1 1 1 3
Common Loon 4
Brandt’s Cormorant 1 2 2 2 1
Double-crested Cormorant 45 32 32 73 37 27
Pelagic Cormorant 1 2 3
American White Pelican 2
Brown Pelican 17 45 5 6 14 37
Great Blue Heron 4 8 5 2 1 2
Great Egret 8 1 1 3 2
Snowy Egret 4 8 18 8 8 6
Cattle Egret 5
Green Heron 2 2
Black-crowned Night-Heron 1 1 3 4
Turkey Vulture 1 1
Osprey 1 2 1 1
Cooper’s Hawk 1
Red-tailed Hawk 1
Nuttall’s Woodpecker 1
American Kestrel 1
Merlin 1 1
Peregrine Falcon 2
Nanday Parakeet 4 4
Black Phoebe 6 3 4 3 1 4
Say’s Phoebe 2 4 3 3 3
Cassin’s Kingbird 1
Western Kingbird 2
American Crow 5 5 4 3 5 4
Common Raven 2
Tree Swallow 3
Violet-green Swallow 6
Rough-winged Swallow 2 3
Cliff Swallow 5
Barn Swallow 1 15
Oak Titmouse 1 1
Bushtit 15 48 10 20 35 6
House Wren 1 1
Marsh Wren 3 1 1 2 2
Bewick’s Wren 2 4 3 3 2
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 15 7 8 6 2
Ruby-crowned Kinglet 4 1 3
Northern Mockingbird 2 1 2 2 1 3
European Starling 8 50 15 10 23
American Pipit 4
House Finch 16 40 41 20 8 24
Lesser Goldfinch 1 1 8 2
Spotted Towhee 1
California Towhee 2 1 2
Savannah Sparrow 8 1 2
Song Sparrow 4 2 9 4 5 2
White-crowned Sparrow 20 45 27 8 25 28
Golden-crowned Sparrow 1
Dark-eyed Junco 2
Western Meadowlark 3 3 2 2 4
Red-winged Blackbird 6 15
Great-tailed Grackle 6 12 6 1 2 15
Orange-crowned Warbler 2 1 1 2 1 3
Common Yellowthroat 5 9 5 2 4 2
Yellow-rumped(Aud) Warbler 12 3 12 12 20 12
Wilson’s Warbler 1
Totals by Type Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Waterfowl 19 14 58 109 40 52
Water Birds – Other 223 164 126 211 142 172
Herons, Egrets & Ibis 19 25 26 11 12 14
Quail & Raptors 0 0 4 6 2 2
Shorebirds 434 441 173 112 155 88
Gulls & Terns 363 524 729 1704 727 179
Doves 8 12 8 8 10 15
Other Non-Passerines 3 1 5 6 6 6
Passerines 115 211 194 121 146 189
Totals Birds 1184 1392 1323 2288 1240 717
             
Total Species Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Waterfowl 5 5 8 9 7 9
Water Birds – Other 10 7 8 8 7 8
Herons, Egrets & Ibis 5 6 3 3 3 4
Quail & Raptors 0 0 4 4 2 2
Shorebirds 9 10 9 9 9 10
Gulls & Terns 7 5 9 7 4 9
Doves 2 2 2 1 2 3
Other Non-Passerines 2 1 3 2 3 2
Passerines 19 19 22 22 21 27
Totals Species – 104 59 55 68 65 58 74

Rain – An Irregular Appreciation

March 21, 2018
by

Rain falling over desert at sunset – Jesse Eastland

The rain continued. It was a hard rain, a perpetual rain, a sweating and steaming rain; it was a mizzle, a downpour, a fountain, a whipping at the eyes, and undertow at the ankles; it was a rain to drown all rains and the memory of rains. It came by the pound and the ton, it hacked at the jungle and cut the trees like scissors and shaved the grass and tunneled the soil and molted the bushes. It shrank men’s hands into the hands of wrinkled apes; it rained a solid glassy rain, and it never stopped.
— Ray Bradbury, 1950: The Long Rain

Who’ll Stop the Rain? – Creedence Clearwater Revival
Long as I remember the rain been comin’ down
Clouds of mystery pourin’ confusion on the ground.
Good men through the ages tryin’ to find the sun.
And I wonder still I wonder who’ll stop the rain.
— Greg Gregory, IanMarsh & Martyn Ware, 1970

It rained and it rained and rained and rained
The average fall was well maintained
And when the tracks were simply bogs
It started raining cats and dogs.

After a drought of half an hour
We had a most refreshing shower
And then the most curious thing of all
A gentle rain began to fall.

Next day was also fairly dry
Save for a deluge from the sky
Which wetted the party to the skin
And after that the rain set in.
— Anonymous Tramper,  Fiordland, New Zealand, 1984

Cartoon by Charles Addams

For forty days and forty nights the rain came down like hell
It covered up everything in sight and everything else as well
Old Noah stood on the ark of the lord and loudly did exclaim
“I wonder where the damn fool is who said it wouldn’t rain.”
— College fraternity drinking song, circa 1940, learned at my father’s knee

1948 Release by Sister Rosetta Tharp, recording as Sister Katty Marie

Didn’t it rain, children?
Talk ’bout rain, oh, my Lord
Didn’t it, didn’t it, didn’t it, oh, my Lord?
Didn’t it rain?
Sister Rosetta Tharp, 1947 adaptation

Didn’t It Rain, Dave Van Ronk version, 1964

Greatest rainfall in 1 minute:
World: 1.50 inches (38 mm); Barot, Guadeloupe, West Indies; November 26, 1970 [5]
USA: 1.22 inches (31.2 mm); Unionville, Maryland; July 4, 1956 [5]

Greatest rainfall in 30 minutes:
World: 11.0 inches (280 mm); Sikeshugou, Hebei, China; July 3, 1974 [5]

Greatest rainfall in 1 hour:
World: 15.8 inches (401 mm); Shangdi, Nei Monggol, China; July 3, 1975 [5]
USA: 13.8 inches (351 mm); Burnsville, central West Virginia; August 4, 1943 [5]

Paris Street – Rainy Day, by Gustave Caillebotte (Google Art Project)

Greatest rainfall in 12 hours:
World: 55.1 inches (1400 mm); Mudoucaidang, Nei Monggol, China; August 1, 1977 [5]
USA: 34.3 inches (871 mm); July 18, 1942; Smethport, northwest Pennsylvania [4]

Greatest rainfall in 24 hours:
World: 71.9 inches (1.825 meters); Foc-Foc Réunion Island, southern Indian Ocean; January 7-8, 1966; following passage of Cyclone Denise. [1]
USA: 42.0 inches (1066 mm); Alvin, Texas; 7 a.m. July 24 to 7 a.m. July 25, 1979; when Tropical Storm Claudette stalled right over Alvin. [2]
California: 26.12 inches (663 mm); Hoegee’s Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County; January 22 – 23, 1943; 1.8 miles SE of Mt. Wilson, 2 miles N of Sierra Madre. [3]

Alvin, Texas after the rain

Greatest rainfall in 48 hours:
World: 98.1 inches (2.493 meters); Cherrapunji, India ; June 15, 1995. [5]

Greatest rainfall in 15 days:
World: 240 inches (6.063 meters); Cratère Commerson, Réunion Island; January 14, 1980. [5]

After that, it’s Cherrapunji, India all the way.
1 month: 30.5 feet (9.3 meters); July, 1861. [5]
2 months: 41.9 feet (12.767 meters); June-July, 1861. [5]
3 months: 53.7 feet (16.369 meters); May-July, 1861. [5]
6 months: 73.7 feet (22.454 meters); April-September, 1861. [5]
12 months: 86.8 feet (26.470 meters); August 1860 – July, 1861. [5]
24 months: 133.7 feet (40.768 meters); 1860-1861. [5]

Cherripuji, India – wettest place on earth for awhile

Wettest place in the U.S.: Puu Kukui, west Maui Island, Hawaii [4]
Most rain in one year: 704.83 inches (58.74 feet), 1982
Most rain in one month: 101 inches (8.42 feet), March 1942
Highest average annual rainfall: 370 inches (30.83 feet)

World’s longest recorded dry period: 14 years 3 months (171 months); Arica, Atacama Desert, northern Chile; October 1903 to January 1918. [1]

The Dry, Dry Taklimakan Desert: Occupying the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang, western China, the average annual precipitation in the basin ranges from 1.5 inches (38 mm) per year in the west to 0.4 inch (10 mm). One of the world’s largest sandy deserts and the second largest shifting sand desert. Nearly all surface water comes from snow melt from surrounding mountain ranges: Tien Shan to the north, Kunlun Mountains to the south, and Pamirs to the west. Mummies of Caucasians dating back 3,000 years have been found there, preserved almost perfectly by the extremely arid conditions and the dry, dry salty soil.

Sand dune expanse of Takla Maklan Desert (Al Goodrich – fotolia.com)

Sources:
[1]: CNN Travel
[2]  Weather.com
[3]  LA Almanac.com
[4] Weather.com
[5] NOAA
[6] Britannica.com
[Chuck Almdale]

Why the Male Black Widow is a Real Home Wrecker | Deep Look Video

March 20, 2018

Sure, the female black widow has a terrible reputation. But who’s the real victim here? Her male counterpart is a total jerk — and might just be getting what he deserves

This is another installment of the PBS Deep Look series; this installment is adapted from the “It’s OK to be Smart” series. If no film or link appears in this email, go to the blog to view it by clicking on the blog title above. If the film stops & starts in an annoying manner, press pause (lower left double bars ||) to let it buffer and get ahead of you.

After viewing this video, follow the new link which will appear over to “It’s OK to be Smart” for even more fascinating information on slime molds. [Chuck Almdale]

Sepulveda Basin Field Trip, 3/10/2018

March 16, 2018

It was a hearty band of birders that braved the rain forecast, but somehow we got a window of 3 hours and suffered only a few drizzles.

The Gray Flycatcher did not show, possibly discouraged by the crowd of archers so near its favorite tree. We also had only one raptor fly by too quickly to i.d. There were Canada Geese all over the lawns, so one had to step carefully. Things got better at the lake where we found many American White Pelicans and Mallards. Apart from the Mallards there was only one other species of native duck – a lone male Hooded Merganser. Surprising.

 

BRI04058-Edit

[American White Pelican – Chuck Bragg]

There were the usual suspects – Yellow-rumps, wrens, sparrows and towhees.

aaa GAM sparrow 031018Sepulv

[Song Sparrow – Grace Murayama]

 

aaa GAM SpTowhee 031018Sepulv

[Spotted Towhee – Grace Murayama]

 

aaa GAM Bewicks 031018Sepulv

[Bewick’s Wren – Grace Murayama]

We found a nuclear family of Muscovy Ducks –  there was one offspring (we think – it was huge). Note the difference between the adult (top) and juvenile concerning the carbuncle-like wattles on the head.

Muscovies originated in Mexico, Central and South America. Feral populations can be found as far north as Canada. The ones we saw are probably from domesticated stock.

aaa GAM Muscovy head 031018Sepulv

aaa GAM Muscovy juvie 031018Sepulv

[Muscovy Ducks – Grace Murayama]

The truly spectacular sightings of the day were swallows and hummingbirds. Down at the end of the lake we found several hundred Tree Swallows (and some Violet-greens) madly circulating between the lake and an underpass with a creek running through it. We didn’t see any insect swarms, but there must have been something. Ten minutes after we got there the swallows had dispersed. A mystery.

The hummingbirds were more obliging. There were both Allen’s and Anna’s, and also an obvious Rufous male (all red back). The Rufous was not a good photographic subject, staying low and dodging around in the undergrowth. The other two posed for us every 100 feet or so, giving us several opportunities for great looks.

 

BRI04070-Edit

[Allen’s Hummingbird – Chuck Bragg]

We all know that when we watch hummingbirds while the sun is out the colors come and go as the bird turns, or as we move to different angles. This is because hummingbird colors are almost always iridescent – meaning they refract light like a prism. The feathers themselves have black pigments but are structured in different ways to refract different colors. It’s all a trick of the light and the intensity of the color depends on the angle and intensity of the light source. When you get the male Allen’s Hummingbird in bright sunlight and at the right angle, the throat can look like it’s on fire. The photo above was taken on a very cloudy day. In fact, you can see tiny raindrops on the bill and head. You can also see the entire gorget (throat feathers) in color. But there’s no sun, you say. How is this possible?

The answer is that on an overcast day the light is coming from all over, reflected through the clouds. Yes, it’s less light, but it is no long a point source. Therefore you get some light from every angle, and that shows us the colors of all the feathers, albeit subdued. With the sun out you get more intense color but only from the feathers properly oriented to the sun.

So, if you are thinking of staying home on a cloudy day, rethink! The lowly California Scrub Jay’s blue feathers are iridescent, for instance. Would the blue feathers look more blue on an overcast day? Or would more feathers look blue? Let us know.

 

BRI04081-Edit

[Anna’s Hummingbird – Chuck Bragg]

A word about the Anna’s Hummingbird above. The lower mandible is obviously misshapen; whether it is a birth defect or the result of a fight or accident we don’t know. The important thing is that this is an adult male, so the bill has not kept him from getting enough calories. Those narrow trumpet-shaped flowers, like wild tobacco or golden currant, could be problematic. But there he is!

Thanks to Grace for her photos, and for trying valiantly to nab the Rufous Hummingbird. Thanks to Becky and Dan for helping us find the trails. Thanks to those who persevered in the face of rain.

When we added up the list, we got 44 species! Not bad for 3 hours in threatening weather. Sepulveda should be even better in a month or so as the migrants begin coming through and everyone puts on their spring clothing.

 

The List: Pied-billed Grebe, Double-crested Cormorant, American White Pelican, Canada Goose, Egyptian Goose, Muscovy Duck, Mallard, Hooded Merganser, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Green Heron, Black-crowned Night-Heron, Turkey Vulture, Osprey, American Coot, Mourning Dove, Anna’s Hummingbird, Rufous Hummingbird, Allen’s Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Nuttall’s Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Black Phoebe, Cassin’s Kingbird, American Crow, Western Bluebird, House Wren, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Bushtit, Tree Swallow, Violet-green Swallow, Northern Rough-winged Swallow, Lesser Goldfinch, House Finch, Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow, White-crowned Sparrow, Lark Sparrow, Spotted Towhee, California Towhee, Red-winged Blackbird, Great-tailed Grackle.